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Copyright N°_ 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 


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/ 



SPELLING GAMES 


DEVICES TO BE USED IN TEACHING SPELLING 
AND A 

SUMMARY OF PROCEDURE FOR TEACHERS 


NELL Kf GLEASON 

*» 

CRITIC TEACHER, SUPERIOR STATE NORMAL SCHOOL 
SUPERIOR, WISCONSIN 

FORMERLY CRITIC TEACHER, STATE TEACHERS’ COLLEGE 
PITTSBURG, KANSAS 


> •» 

) » > 

Illustrated by 
LEONE SCHWEM 


BECKLEY-CARDY COMPANY 
CHICAGO 


UB \ 57 <\ 

■Qs- 


Copyright, 1927, by 
BECKLEY-CARDY COMPANY 
All Bights Reserved 



.)♦!«> 
• ♦vr> 




Printed in the United States of America 


©Cl A1018110 







SPELLING GAMES 








I 








FOREWORD 


In order to teach spelling effectively, some plan 
must be followed whereby the child is taught the 
word scientifically. That the lesson may be a real 
joy, there should be plans to vary the drill period. 
It is these two needs this book is designed to fill— 
the general method of teaching spelling is consid¬ 
ered and forty-eight ways of varying the routine of 
the work are tabulated. 

The compiler wishes to acknowledge the gracious 
cooperation of the student-teachers whose contribu¬ 
tions and suggestions have been valuable. Thanks 
are particularly expressed to Miss Oma Robinson, 
Miss Lottie Holman, Miss Lucy Holman, Miss Elma 
Nagle, Miss Lucile Bicart, Miss Mary Steele and 
Miss Ora Dabney, who have arranged plans for the 
book while student-teachers in the Kansas State 
Teachers’ College. 

All of the games have been used in class work, 
either in the college training school or by the 
student-teachers while in the teaching field outside 
of the college. 


5 


Nell K. Gleason 


r 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Words for the Spelling Lesson.11 

The Spelling Lesson.12 

Grading Spelling Blanks.14 

SPELLING PLANS 

I Weekly Spelling.17 

II Pupils , Choice.18 

III “My Diction ary”.19 

IV Spelling Graph.20 

V All Hail to the Perfect Speller . . 22 

VI Prison List.23 

VII Headmarks .25 

SPELLING PLAYS 

VIII Hospital Game.29 

IX Catch If You Can.30 

X Playing Train.31 

XI Spelling Pie.33 

XII “Give Me Leave”..34 

XIII Going to the Circus.36 

XIV Fishing.37 

XV Checkers ..38 

XVI Puss Wants a Corner.39 

7 




















8 CONTENTS 


PAGE 

XVII Auto Race.40 

XVIII Pied Words.41 

XIX Fill In.42 

XX Spelling Ladder.43 

XXI Observation Spelling.45 

XXII What Is It?.46 

GAMES FOR REVIEW 

XXIII Written Review.49 

XXIV Baseball.50 

XXV Up We Go!.52 

XXVI The Fighting Armies.53 

XXVII Review Race ..54 

XXVIII “We Win” Game.56 

XXIX Spelling Contest.58 

RELAY RACES 

XXX Relay Game.61 

XXXI Speed!. 62 

XXXII Memory Relay.64 

XXXIII Pass It On.65 

XXXIV Point Game.66 

TRAVEL GAMES 

XXXV The Ticket Agent.69 

XXXVI Spelling Trip.71 

























CONTENTS 


9 


PAGE 

XXXYII Stop-Over .72 

XXXVIII The Cities of New York.73 

PICTURE SPELLING 

XXXIX Picture Game.77 

XL Grocery Store.78 

XLI Alphabet or Step in Place . . . . 79 

XLII Good Food Game.80 

CROSS-WORD PUZZLES 

XLIII The Zoo.83 

XLIV Sport and School.84 

XLV A Twister.85 

XLVI Riddles.86 

XLVII “Ups and Downs”.87 

XLVIII Nature.88 

89 


The One Hundred Spelling Demons 


















SPELLING GAMES 


WOBDS 

FOB THE SPELLING LESSON 

Can’t you see them? Long lists of three- and four- 
syllable words, tongue twisters and pencil contor¬ 
tionists when they were studied—and all the while 
“doesn’t” and “their” and their ilk defy spelling 
blanks and English papers. 

Is it any wonder that we hear the advice: Com¬ 
pile your spelling lists from the misspelled words 
you find in the English papers, the Reading papers 
and the Geography notebooks, and let “assuage” 
and “idiosyncrasy” shift for themselves until such 
time as they are integral parts of the child’s 
vocabulary. 

Mark every paper for spelling and let the child 
arrange his own list. Meanwhile, record the errors 
in the spelling plan book and each day teach five 
new words and five old words. 


11 


12 


SPELLING GAMES 


THE SPELLING LESSON 

What logic is there in Jane studying words she 
can spell? None in the world. So dictate the spell¬ 
ing words and then excuse those pupils receiving 
one hundred for the day’s lesson and let the others 
study the words missed. Consistent? No one would 
argue that the child who has solved the first five 
problems in an assignment of number work should 
repeat them merely for mental exercise; neither 
should one worry Jane with spelling she has 
mastered. 

The procedure, then, is this: 

First. Write the five words on the board, as for 
instance: 

their truly does 

there yours 

Second. The class, in unison, pronounces and spells 
the first word aloud three times, looking at the 
word. 

Third. The class again spells the word aloud, but 
writing it in the air to emphasize the visual 
teaching of the word. 

Fourth. For the fifth time, the class pronounces 
and spells the word, but this time the eyes are 
closed that the child may test himself. 




THE SPELLING LESSON 


13 


Fifth. The word is used in one or more sentences. 

Sixth. The word is written on scratch paper. The 
same procedure is followed for all the words. 
At the conclusion, some spelling game is 
played. 

Seventh. Finally, the words, five new and five re¬ 
view words, are dictated to the class and are 
written in spelling blanks, either in a list or in 
sentences. 




14 


SPELLING GAMES 


GRADING SPELLING BLANKS 

The teacher may follow one of several plans for 
grading the words: 

The blanks may be passed forward and collected 
for the teacher to grade later. 

The teacher may pass quickly down the aisle, 
glancing at the blanks, and naming the grade 
earned, allowing the child to record the grade. 

The children who have been exempted from spell¬ 
ing may be permitted to assist in the grading—and 
how proud they are to do it! Not only are they 
honored, but the conferring of the honor arouses 
the others ’ ambitions. 

The blanks may be exchanged and the children 
allowed to grade each others spelling. In this plan, 
one child is called upon to read the correct spelling. 

Gay seals as rewards for careful work may be 
used as incentives. A parade of the “high grades” 
is another incentive, and still others may be devised. 




SPELLING PLANS 






















SPELLING PLANS 


17 


I 


WEEKLY SPELLING 


A trial test is given the children on Monday morn¬ 
ing, at which time the list of words for spelling for 
the week is dictated. The children may correct 
their own papers. The teacher notes the number 
of words missed by each one and the children re¬ 
tain the corrected lists for further study. 

On Tuesday and the succeeding days, as many 
children spell as are ready. This is done in the 
regular spelling period. Friday the recall is given 
after the words have been studied for a week and 
the grades taken. 

One caution is needed: the children should be 
given a good plan for word study before expecting 
them to accomplish what they should with the list, 
is another incentive, and there are many of them. 


A Suggested List of Words 


author 
mayor 
agent 
street car 
fare 


conducted 

alderman 

neighbor 

treasurer 

president 


passenger 

secretary 

apt 

garden 

principal 


kindness 

grief 

sorrow 

capable 

efficient 




18 


SPELLING GAMES 


II 


PUPILS’ CHOICE 


Pupils are allowed, in this plan, to follow what¬ 
ever methods of study they desire and the object 
is to let the children experiment and find what plan 
is most effective, the score earned being the decisive 
factor. 

Children may follow the method used in the class 
period; they may use the words in several sen¬ 
tences; they may vary the plan at their own discre¬ 
tion, but the test of the method will come when the 
words are dictated. The highest score will tell the 
tale then. 


Review List 


peninsula 

gulf 


cities 

town 


canyon 

valley 

plain 


isthmus 


sea 

states 


coast 


geography 


county 

country 

boulders 

harbors 

verdure 

stream 


continent 

mountains 

ridge 


river 

lake 


grassland 

slopes 

moraines 


vegetation 

ocean 


desert 

waterways 


bay 

glacier 




SPELLING PLANS 


19 


III 

“MY DICTIONARY ’ 9 

Little books are made with separate pages for 
each letter of the alphabet. The cover may carry the 
proud title, Mary’s New International Dictionary . 



When Mary finds a word she can spell, she may 
write the word on the page which corresponds to 
the letter with which the word begins. For example: 
the football season brings forth the correct pro¬ 
nunciation of the word “penalize”; it is used for 
the spelling lesson; if Mary spelled it correctly, 
she may write it on the “P” page in her book. 

Once a week the books are collected and mistakes 
checked. If Mary has an error, she may rewrite 
the word only after she has studied it and can spell 
it correctly. 






20 


SPELLING GAMES 


IV 

SPELLING GEAPH 

The child’s own record to compete with, not 
John’s or Mary’s, but his own—this is the special 
feature of this plan. 

James, who needs drill in spelling, is given a card 
with a diagram similar to the illustration, so he 
can record his own standing every day for a week. 


100 M T V/ ~r F 


10 






so 



/ 

/ 

\ 

\ 

/ 

70 


f 




kO 

- * 

/ 

i - 





On the diagram here given it is supposed that 
James’ standing on Monday was 60%. A cross is 
placed on the vertical line. On Tuesday, he earns a 
score of 80, makes his cross there and draws the line 
from Monday to Tuesday to show the direction he 
has traveled. Wednesday his grade is 90. Again he 
places the cross and draws line which still ascends. 
Thursday for some reason, his standing drops to 80, 
and he must draw his line down, instead of up. 

The possibility is that the line will ascend again. 
















SPELLING PLANS 


21 


Self-competition is, therefore, a motive not to be 
overlooked in the effort to secure a keen interest on 
the child's part in his own progress. 

Comparison of graphs is an interesting plan. 
The child has a real picture of his own progress 
and can compare it with that of his classmates. 


Review List 


innocent homely correct 

special awful paper 

coax magazine children 

lively wonderful memory 

leaked careful assistant 


pertaining 

hostess 

government 

privilege 

editor 




22 


SPELLING GAMES 


V 

ALL HAIL TO THE PERFECT SPELLER 

Those pupils having the best scores for spelling 
lessons for a week might be permitted to take 
charge of the spelling lesson, using any plan they 
choose. 

Participation of pupils is an end in itself. Also 
it affords an opportunity for the teacher to see 
herself as in a mirror, for her own idiosyncrasies 
will be reflected. 

It is best when a “pupil teacher” is in charge to 
emphasize the need of speaking clearly and dis¬ 
tinctly so that all children may hear with ease. 
Exchange of papers at such a time is not recom¬ 
mended. The inevitable discussion and debate about 
the correctness of the words checked is too perplex¬ 
ing for a child to cope with. It is interesting, how¬ 
ever, to observe how capably the class is conducted 
by pupil teachers, given some experience. 




SPELLING PLANS 


23 


VI 

PRISON LIST 

“To prison lie must go” is the sentence imposed 
on a word that is especially difficult, a word that 
the child repeatedly misspells. “To prison” may 
mean writing in a little booklet used only for that 
purpose in which are written difficult words. This 
may be kept conveniently near so the words can be 
studied frequently. 



Again, “to prison” may mean writing in a small 
enclosed place on the blackboard those words which 
have been found difficult. Words may leave the 
prison walls as soon as they are spelled correctly. 

“Zoo” or “hospital” are terms which may be 






24 


SPELLING GAMES 


used to vary the term prison. As in the prison, 
words missed in the lesson are sent to the hospital. 
These words are taken out freely for “exercise” 
until every one knows them. When all have learned 
them, they are said to be “well” again, and can go 
“home” to the spelling list. 


A Few “Prison” Words 


accept 

captain 

envelope 

knight 

almonds 

cemetery 

forehead 

losing 

arctic 

circular 

future 

museum 

autumn 

column 

gallant 

nuisance 

avenue 

costume 

genuine 

reduce 

bathe 

crusade 

goal 

safety 

bouquet 

donkey 

governor 

steed 

brave 

during 

history 

tune 




SPELLING PLANS 


25 


VII 

HEADMARKS 

Ample provision for spelling study and recitation 
—how necessary is a generous spelling period! 
Here is the way one teacher made the most of the 
time at her disposal for teaching spelling by a clever 
device. 

Miss Grace Casebolt, teacher in the Eureka, 
Kansas, schools reports the following: 

“In using this spelling device, I had two periods 
each day for spelling, a regular spelling period for 
study and for writing the lesson, and a short period 
of five or ten minutes for oral spelling later in the 
day. The grades made in the written lesson were 
kept for the record of the grades. In the oral spell¬ 
ing period the class spelled for headmarks, each 
pupiPs record being kept on a chart posted on the 
bulletin board. When a pupil made a headmark he 
was allowed to place a colored paper dot after his 
name on the chart. 

“At the end of the nine weeks 9 period I awarded 
prizes to the two pupils having the most headmarks. 

“I think there are two advantages of this method: 
first, if the pupil misses a word in his written lesson, 




26 


SPELLING GAMES 


there is a good incentive for him to learn the cor¬ 
rect spelling for it; for he will not want to lose 
his place in line in the oral spelling recitation; sec¬ 
ond, it gives an opportunity for both written and 
oral spelling. 

“In applying this method of conducting spelling 
classes, various drill devices may be used for study¬ 
ing and writing the lessons.” 




SPELLING PLAYS 





SPELLING PLAYS 


29 


VIII 

HOSPITAL GAME 

The spelling words for the lessons are written 
on a space on the board named ‘ ‘ Home.’ ’ The title 
may be lettered with colored chalk. 



Another space—sad necessity—may represent 
the “Hospital.” All words missed in the lesson are 
taken to the Hospital, that is, written under the 
word Hospital. The words are taken out for long 
walks, day after day, to make them well. 

Frequent “Hospital” Words 


hoping 

truly 

friend 

forty 

receive 

they 

their 

quite 

quiet 

writing 

until 

owing 

truly 

rainy 

wrong 

detail 

favor 

tread 

built 

flavor 








30 


SPELLING GAMES 


IX 

CATCH IF YOU CAN 

Each row chooses one pupil, usually its best 
speller, to represent it at the blackboard. 

The words are pronounced, the five words for 
the day and the five review words, and the repre¬ 
sentatives write them. All the children at the seats 
are checkers, whose business is to detect errors in 
the work at the board and to replace any one mak¬ 
ing a mistake. 

The row whose representative remains at the 
board longest wins. Honor is accorded, too, to the 
row which can boast of the greatest number at the 
board during the game. 

Eyes that may study words indifferently for the 
routine lesson will watch alertly for errors in this 
game—and find them with surprising alacrity. 

Words for the Day 

respectively honor industries teacher second 

poster reports presented received score 




SPELLING PLAYS 


31 


X 

PLAYING TRAIN 

This game is acceptable to children of all ages, 
for the fascination of the train knows no age limit. 

The largest boy, or the best speller, may be the 
engine . The other pupils are the passenger coaches. 
As the car comes to the station agent (the teacher), 



she gives it a word to spell and the train slows up 
while Coach No. 612 spells. If the word is missed, 
the coach must go to the end of the train and be a 
freight car until the word is spelled correctly. 
Spelling the word correctly entitles the coach to a 
place in the passenger line once more. 
























32 


SPELLING GAMES 


The game may be varied by having a good speller 
act as ticket agent also, and as soon as one station 
is passed, the train steams along to the next and 
repeats. 


Travel Words 


California 

Oregon 

Washington 

Nevada 

Denver 

Chicago 

Philadelphia 

Cincinnati 

altitude 

customs 

geyser 

latitude 

bayou 

horizon 

current 

location 

canon 

import 

immigrant 

region 

depth 

export 

wilderness 

river 

meadow 

mountain 

longitude 

ocean 




SPELLING PLAYS 


33 


XI 


SPELLING PIE 


A large pie—or a pumpkin or a watermelon— 
may be drawn on the board. The pie is divided into 
pieces. On each piece pictured is written some 
word of the lesson. The object of the game is to 
see who can spell all of the words of the lesson. 
Every child who spells correctly all the words gets 
one of the pieces with his name written on that 
piece. 

Needless to add, the pie will have to be a gener¬ 
ous one in size. 


j Review List 


certainly 

cheap 


J anuary 

February 

surely 


exercise 

twenty-five 


April September November 

August October December 

swift beyond syllable 

although thankful weep 

unable truthful wept 

willing within forefinger 

least disagree grammar 




34 


SPELLING GAMES 


XII 

“GIVE ME LEAVE ’’ 

“Gimme leave, Mister V 1 There are few boys 
who have not called out this question and fewer 
folks who have not had the question—and its ac¬ 
companiment—hurled at them. 



Just as a snowball is essential to this question, 
so the snowball is essential to this game. A pic¬ 
ture of a snowball, with a child pushing it, is drawn 
on the board. The words of the spelling lesson 
are written on a piece of paper and are distributed 
among the children. When they are spelled they 





SPELLING PLAYS 


35 


are pinned on the snowball. This is called “rolling 
the snowball.” When all the words are on it, the 
snowball is “unrolled,” by taking the words off 
and spelling them as they come off. 

The one spelling all the words correctly is then 
given an opportunity to say, “Gimme leave,” and 
without parley he throws the ball by way of point¬ 
ing out some children to whom he pronounces the 
words. Correct spelling is emphasized here, as in 
all other games. 

Review List 

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday 

Thursday Friday Saturday Winter 




36 


SPELLING GAMES 


XIII 


GOING TO THE CIRCUS 


This may not be an “honest-to-goodness” circus, 
but it has two things, at least, of which the circus 
boasts: booths and barkers. 

Four or five of the best spellers in the room keep 
the booths at the circus. Each one of our young 
i 1 barkers ’’ has a list of review spelling words, per¬ 
haps twenty in all. All of them are words that 
have been misspelled during the month. When the 
child spells all of the words correctly at the first 
booth, he progresses to the second stand, and so on. 

When he misses, he must leave the circus grounds, 
and study. If he spells them all correctly, at all 
the booths, he will be given the honor of keeping 
a booth at the circus next time. 


A Circus List 


parade 

clown 

circus 

counter 

tent 


shout 


carefree 

merry-go-round 


shows 

ticket 


noise 

loud 

call 


giraffe 

elephant 


perform 


calliope 

monkey 

acrobat 

ring 




SPELLING PLAYS 


37 


XIV 

FISHING 

“The oP swimmin* hole”—James Whitcomb 
Riley has made it popular, if swimming itself- 
needed anything to popularize it. 



So why not a “swimmin’ hole,” or a “swimmin ’ 
pool,” in spelling? In the “pool” a box, for con¬ 
venience, are placed the words to be spelled. Each 
child may have a turn at fishing for the word. 
Having caught one, he hands it to the teacher, and 
she pronounces it for him. If he writes it correctly, 
it becomes his fish. If not, it belongs to the teacher 
and is saved for future study. 

The object of the game is to see who can catch 
the greatest number of fish. The best bait, study, 
will bring the most gratifying result. 










38 


SPELLING GAMES 


XV 

CHECKERS 

Checkers in school? Why not? The children 
are lined up in one row for the game. The teacher 
gives each child two words. All who spell their 
words correctly must wait one more turn before 
moving. 

There are four stations in the game from the time 
the child moves until he gets back home to his own 
desk. In this way, each child spells at least eight 
words. The poor speller spells more, for the more 
mistakes he makes, the fewer moves he is permitted 
to make and the more chances he has to spell. 

The real advantage of this game is that practice 
is given where practice is needed. 

A Few Suggested Words 

party rhymes nursery pink 

color sang refreshments dainty 

chess design charming orchestra 




SPELLING PLAYS 


39 


XVI 

PUSS WANTS A CORNER 

This popular game may well be utilized for 
spelling. 

The pupils stand by their seats. One child is 
“Puss.” Words are pronounced down the line. If 
a word is missed, Puss gets a chance to spell it. If 
Puss spells it correctly, he takes the place of the 
child who misses, while the latter becomes Puss. 

If Puss cannot spell the word, the next child 
who can spells it and no change is made. 

A variation of this game is to have the class 
divided into teams, each team having for its object 
the preventing of Puss from joining it. Use the 
same game for a week and keep a record of the 
daily score. The side which has kept Puss “out” 
for the week wins! 

Review List 

premise question offensive brief 

judges debated negative assertion 

gavel chairman statement proof 




40 


SPELLING GAMES 


XVII 

AUTO RACE 

Each child chooses the name of a car he wishes 
to rnn. A rate per mile is agreed upon. For ex¬ 
ample, six words are given. If the rate is one hun¬ 
dred miles to the one word, and the child spells 


c/Vame 

M 

T 

W 

T 

F 

Total 


























all six words correctly, he has traveled six hundred 
miles. If he misses one word, he has traveled only 
five hundred miles. The child keeps his daily score 
and the total number of miles is added at the end 
of the week. 

Where is the child who would not strive like the 
proverbial Trojan to have his mileage the highest? 

















SPELLING PLAYS 


41 


XVIII 

PIED WORDS 

Finding an error gives a feeling of accomplish¬ 
ment, does it not? It is on this premise that this 
game is worth while. Misspelled words may be 
written on the board and pupils permitted to cor¬ 
rect them. 

“C-a-p-t-a-n” is written on the board. 

“C-a-p-t-a-i-n” will immediately replace the in¬ 
correctly spelled word. 

Competition among rows should be encouraged. 
Each row has a similar list of words to correct, each 
child in the row having one word to change, and 
the row finishing first, wins. 

Troublesome Words 

partner (pardner) 
knight (nite) 
soccer (saker) 
projects (prodjects) 
kindergarten (kindergarden) 




42 


SPELLING GAMES 


XIX 

FILL IN 

Almost like the cross-word puzzle is this game 
of “Fill In. ,, 

Place spelling words on the board with some 
letters omitted and call on children to fill in the 
missing letters. For example: “1-o-v-i-n-g” is to 
be studied and it is written on the board in this 
way, ‘ ‘1-o-v-n-g, , ’ and the children fill in the missing 
letter. All will spell the word after the space has 
been filled. 

Great is their delight when they discover the 
letter omitted and great is their pleasure if all 
think of the word, and can spell it in unison, at 
the instant it is seen. 

Fill-in Words 

talks t - a - - k - s 
athletics a-t-h-1 — t-i-c-s 
reading r-e--d-i-n-g 
chairman c-h-a--r-m-a-n 
teacher t-e--c-h-e-r 




SPELLING PLAYS 


43 


XX 

SPELLING LADDER 

The class is divided into two teams to climb an 
imaginary ladder. For every word spelled cor¬ 
rectly, the pupils gain one rung of the ladder; each 



word spelled incorrectly requires the pupil to step 
back a “rung.” The team gaining the most rungs 
at the end of the spelling lesson wins the race. 

Especially is this gam,e good for “Fire Preven¬ 
tion” week—let each ehitd picture himself climbing 
the ladder to rescue “Good Spelling.” Most real¬ 
istic flames, caused by that fiend Carelessness, can 
be fought. Utilize the vocabulary of the literature 





















44 


SPELLING GAMES 


distributed at that time of the year. Verily, the 
spelling lesson may thus become a two-edged sword. 


Suggested List of Words 


safety 

carelessness 

flames 

disaster 

loss 


rubbish 

explosion 

combustion 

kerosene 

conflagration 


alarm 

bonfire 

extinguisher 

paper 

matches 




SPELLING PLAYS 


45 


XXI 

OBSERVATION SPELLING 


For a given period of time, allow the children 
to test their power of observation, by arranging a 
list of words based on articles in the schoolroom. 
The pupil who spells correctly the greatest number 
of words for a week is rewarded by having a red 
star placed after his name on a chart upon which 
is recorded the check-up. 

Correlate this idea with language assignments 
and allow children to give discussions on improve¬ 
ments recommended for the room. This will neces¬ 
sitate the examination of catalogues to determine 
what additional apparatus is needed. As a result 
the spelling lists will grow and grow—but only 
articles of which the spelling is correct may be rec¬ 
ommended. For example: John may feel that a 
thermostat is necessary—if he can spell it correctly, 
it may be added to his list. Otherwise, it may not. 


Schoolroom Words 


flag 

window 

curtain 

globe 

cupboard 


inkwell bulletin 

table desk 

apparatus bookcase 
picture slate 

thermometer shades 


curtain 
dictionary 
encyclopedia 
pencil sharpener 
charts 




46 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXII 

WHAT IS IT? 

The lure of the guessing game is utilized here. 
It is especially applicable for the words which pre¬ 
sent greatest difficulty. 

Using for an example the word “separate,’’ the 
appointed pupil passes to the front of the room 
and says, “I am thinking of a word beginning with 
s and ending with e. What is it? 

The children ask, “Is it samef” spelling the word 
aloud until they finally spell the word of which the 
pupil is thinking. 


A Few Words to Use 


seven 

steel 

tobacco 

clothing 

extra 

manufacture 

wool 

commerce 

appear 

coffee 

grain 

nursed 

automobile 

cocoa 

entertain 

animals 

industry 

tall 

flour 

flax 

knave 

wheat 

timber 

linseed 




GAMES FOR REVIEW 



GAMES FOR REVIEW 


49 


XXIII 


WRITTEN REVIEW 


To see who can spell most accurately and write 
most legibly is the object of this Friday afternoon 
review. 

A written review or drill of the weeks ’ words, 
plus other words studied earlier in the year, is 
given on Friday. The papers are graded and posted 
on the bulletin board, or, lacking that, on burlap. 

Seeing their papers on exhibition for a week is 
an incentive to try harder to have the neatest papers 
and the highest grades. Competition between 
classes may thus be stimulated. 


Review Words 


general 

death 

discovered 

exploring 

fought 


purpose 

beginning 

lawyer 

represented 

because 


range 

others 

mountains 

speaker 

street 


lightning 

electricity 

president 

term 

liberty 




50 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXIV 

BASEBALL 

The “Giants ’’ may play the “Yanks ’ 9 in this 
game—and when they do, one readily "understands 
why baseball is the national American game. Boys 
who may be bored with an ordinary spelling lesson 
will plead for the place of “Captain” or “Catcher,” 
“Pitcher” or “Umpire.” 



The Captains select their nines. The teacher 
chooses the Umpire and the Score-keeper, in addi-' 
tion to a Referee, whose particular business is to 
see that the line is standing erect and quietly. The 





GAMES FOR REVIEW 


51 


Pitcher pronounces the words; the Captain names 
the first one to bat, and if he spells the word cor¬ 
rectly, the Umpire calls the score and the Score- 
keeper records it. If the one up to bat fails on 
the word, the Umpire calls, “Strike one.” The 
player is given two more chances to correct himself, 
just as in the real game, “Strike two,” and “Strike 
three.” If he fails, it is “One out,” and three 
‘ 4 outs ’ ’ gives the ball to the ‘other side. 

The baseball fans love the game; the others are 
soon ardent devotees of baseball. The game is 
splendid as a review exercise. One caution might 
be made: the Umpire must be a good speller to 
detect errors. 

The children who are not on either team or serv¬ 
ing in any other capacity may divide themselves 
into supporters of the two contestants and “root” 
for their teams. The Captains are privileged to 
replace team members from those seated, if for any 
reason they feel it is necessary. 

If a “series” is arranged, each game to be played 
on successive Fridays, let the “nines” be figurative 
and allow the entire class to play. Interest is sus¬ 
tained if the children know that, defeated one 
Friday, there is hope of another game ahead, at 
which they may be victorious. When the entire 
class is playing, it is feasible to allow but one “out” 
in place of three outs, as in the regulation game. 




52 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXV 

UP WE GO! 

This is the old game yon nsed to play when the 
decree was, “You may go ahead if you spell the 
word.” 

On oral spelling day, the pupils stand in line 
while the teacher pronounces the words to be 
spelled. The teacher will make it clear before the 
lesson begins that she will not repeat a word that 
is pronounced once. She will also state that words 
misspelled will not be corrected by her, but any 
child who indicates that he is able to spell the word 
may do so. If the words are correctly spelled, the 
speller passes ahead of the child to whom the word 
was first given. 

All words are placed on a list of words that have 
been misspelled, to be reviewed later. This will 
make another review period. 

The game here given, like Baseball Spelling, 
makes a review period an interesting one. 




GAMES FOR REVIEW 


53 


XXVI 

THE FIGHTING ARMIES 

Off to war with Captains, banners, and even an 
Army Physician—how is that for a spelling game? 

The class is divided into two armies, each of 
\ 7 
which has a name and a Captain. A word is given 

to a Soldier on one side and then one to a Soldier 
on the opposing side. The Soldier missing the 
word given is ‘‘wounded’’ and must be seated. The 
army having the greatest number of Soldiers left in 
its troop wins and is given the banner, the reward 
of the winner. 

After the battle is over, the Doctor goes to the 
wounded soldiers (those who have missed the 
words) to see if they can spell the words missed. 
If they can spell the words correctly, they are well; 
if not, they are still sick, and need “medicine.” 
The medicine? What better medicine than con¬ 
tinued study of the word, practice in writing and 
spelling it, until they can prove that they are 
“well.” 

The Doctor must, of necessity, be chosen because 
of demonstrated ability in spelling. Otherwise the 
patient might be excused before complete recovery 
is assured. 




54 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXVII 

REVIEW RACE 

Friday afternoons—make them the most interest¬ 
ing of all the week. Why not try a review race? 

A written review may he given, the review to 
cover all the spelling words studied during the week. 
This, of course, includes misspelled words from the 
children’s own vocabulary. 



Following the written test, those girls who make 
a perfect score may be permitted to compete with 
the boys who make a perfect score. The pupils who 
have failed to make 100% study their words until 
they are assured they know them and then they 
may listen to the contest. 














GAMES FOR REVIEW 


55 


Gradually a feeling of disgrace will come if one 
misses words in the review and soon there will he 
few who are not eligible for the contest on Friday 
afternoons. 


Words Used in Geography 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

peninsula 


California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

continent 


Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

geographical 


Words Used in Sports 


sport 

rush 

injure 

success 

tennis 

rushed 

injury 

defeat 

racket 

strength 

injuries 

effort 

winner 

temper 

limb 

patience 

wrestler 

course 

contest 

target 

trained 

leap 

timid 

severe 

tired 

tackle 

curve 

severely 

control 

determine 

rapidly 

clever 


Words Used 

in Arithmetic 


tenth 

sixtieth 

cancel 

per cent 

twentieth 

seventieth 

cancellation 

percentage 

thirtieth 

eightieth 

divisible 

principal 

fortieth 

ninetieth 

indivisible 

million 

fiftieth 

triangle 

factor 

accurate 




56 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXVIII 

“WE WIN” GAME 

“To the victor belong the spoils” in this game. 
Time, quickness, and alertness are decisive fac¬ 
tors. 



First. Captains are chosen. 

Second. They choose alternately the members of 
the class. 

Third. The word is pronounced by the teacher. 

Fourth. Alternately, the words are spelled, each 
child having but one trial to spell a word. 

Fifth. If Line A misses a word, Line B may cor¬ 
rect it and Line B has earned thus the right 
to choose a speller from Line A. Of course, 







GAMES FOE REVIEW 


57 


the winners choose those admitted to be the best 
spellers, much to the chagrin of the losers. 

This game is limited to a certain time, so that 
it can be determined who has really scored highest 
in a certain number of minutes. “Scoring highest” 
means having the greatest number of spellers. All 
too true, “to the victor belong the spoils,” for this 
is one game in which the loss involved is tangible. 


Review Words 


promise 

guess 

February 

bread 

their 

pumpkin 

listen 

umbrella 

meant 

against 

watermelon 

separate 

please 

people 

thread 

medicine 

already 

often 

easy 

friend 

engine 

heard 

Saturday 

sugar 

either 

enough 

neither 

rabbit 

squirrel 

which 

balloon 

feather 

early 

there 

Wednesday 

dollar 

doctor 

scissors 

country 

shoulder 




58 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXIX 

SPELLING CONTEST 

A drill that benefits the poor speller—this is the 
virtue of this plan. The steps are these: 

1. Numbered slips are passed out. 

2. The even numbers form one side. 

3. The odd numbers form the other side. 

4. No. 1 is Scorekeeper for the “odd” number 
side. 

5. No. 2 is Scorekeeper for the even numbered 
sides. 

6. The words are pronounced alternately to the 
pupils in the rows. 

7. Each pupil has a check placed after his name 
when he spells a word correctly. 

8. When a pupil misspells a word he keeps his 
place but has a zero placed on his score. 

9. Each pupil is provided with a clean sheet of 
paper upon which he records the words 
missed, spelled correctly. 

10. At the conclusion of the time allowed, the 
scores are counted to see which side has won 
and which pupils have perfect scores. 




RELAY RACES 


# 




% 









RELAY RACES 


61 


XXX 


RELAY GAME 


Relay races are quite the vogue in track meets. 
Is there any reason why they cannot be the vogue 
in spelling? 

The class is divided into two groups with Captains 
for each group. The Captains start the race by 
pronouncing and spelling the word, relay . The 
next child will then spell a word beginning with y, 
as yes, and the next speller will use s as the initial 
letter of the word she will give. This plan will be 
continued to the end of the line. 

The line finishing first with the fewest mistakes is 
victorious. The Captain must be a good speller, for 
he must check his group on misspelled words. The 
child who misses a word must go to the foot of the 
line. 


Suggested Words 


relay 

yes 

save 

educate 

enlist 


train 

Naples 

sell 

leave 

entertain 


never 

return 

narrow 

wooden 

next 




62 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXXI 

SPEED! 

The five words for the day have been studied; the 
five words for review have been studied; the words 
have been erased. The children place their heads 
on the desk and “go to sleep / 9 



The children in the front seats of each row rise 
quietly and pass quickly to the board and write one 
of the words studied. Just as quietly they return 
to their seats and “ waken” the ones behind, who in 
turn go to the board to write one of the other 
words, until all the words have been written. 




















EELAY EACES 


63 


The object is to see which row can finish most 
quickly and at the same time earn the best grade. 

Study and Review Words 


dividend 

quotient 

divisor 

minuend 

canal 

noticed 

faucet 

clerk 

loud 

kernel 

harm 

moment 

glasses 

vegetables 

tardy 

apiece 

button 

difference 

sneeze 

thousand 

somewhere 

drowned 

together 

hearing 

business 

gasoline 

seventh 

separate 

beneath 

eighth 

frighten 

tasted 


subtrahend 

addition 

subtraction 

faction 

cruel 

division 

hardly 

multiplication 

proof 

heap 

bald 

sash 

center 

choice 

eighty 

fault 

speaking 

forgiving 

empty 

office 

generous 

heating 

hurrying 

meaning 

multiplier 

surround 

vowel 

altogether 

selfish 

bitter 

bicycle 

double 




64 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXXII 


MEMORY RELAY 


Following the study period of spelling and after 
the words have been erased from the board, the 
children make ready for a memory relay. Each 
row is given a sheet of paper. On the signal, “Go!” 
the first child is to write a word in the lesson that 
he remembers, pass the sheet of paper back to his 
neighbor behind him, who does the same, and so on 
to the next, until all the words in the lesson are on 
the paper. As soon as the last word has been 
written, the sheet is raised to indicate that the row 
has completed the list. 

The row finishing first with all words correctly 
spelled, wins. 

A variation of this is to fold the paper in the 
shape of a fan and call it a “Fan Relay” and let 
the pupils write the words on the folds of the fan. 


Review List 


ball 

basketball 

football 


players 

umpire 

referee 


whistle 

coach 

time 




RELAY RACES 


65 


XXXIII 
PASS IT ON 

The rows may choose names of cars for this race: 
Fords may vie with Cadillacs, Studebakers may 
compete with Buicks, and all determined to bring 
home the honor for their cars. 

The first pnpil in each row is given a piece of 
paper upon which he is to write the first word pro¬ 
nounced and then pass it back to the next pupil in 
line. The second pupil writes the next word and 
so on, to the end of the row. 

In grading the words, then, to determine which 
car is the winner, one pupil may pronounce and 
spell the words to the class to find which machine 
makes the best record. Fords should score their 
opponents ’ papers and vice versa. 

This same game may be varied by naming the 
rows’ colors, famous baseball teams, or celebrated 
men. 

A Few Words 


punctuate 

margin 

neatness 

pencil 

guess 

whether 

though 

seems 

having 

tear 

ache 

forty 

doctor 

choose 

cough 

trouble 

truly 

loose 

ready 

raise 

meant 

February 

hoarse 

tired 




66 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXXIV 

POINT GAME 

In this play race, resembling 11 Speed/ , the chil¬ 
dren race, writing the words on the board row by 
row. 

The row finishing first receives eight points, the 
next row finishing receives seven points, etc. The 
scores are recorded for a week, the object being to 
see which row scores the highest number of points. 

Names of Countries 

Belgium France Turkey 

Alaska Holland Norway 

United States Germany Ireland 

Sweden China Japan 


Words Used in Business 


receipt 

stock 

profit 

owe 

merchant 

wholesale 

freight 

cashier 

firm 

retail 

loss 

charge 

partner 

commerce 

collect 

bill 

company 

customer 

payment 

collect 

Words Used in 

Manufacturing 

manufacture 

mineral 

industry 

manage 

manufacturing metal 

printing 

control 

mine 

felt 

wages 

elevator 

miner 

steel 

promotion 

machine 

mining 

zinc 

reward 

motor 




TRAVEL GAMES 






























































% 





















TBAVEL GAMES 


69 


XXXV 

THE TICKET AGENT 

Does “going somewhere” still hold a lure for 
you? If it does, you will understand why the chil¬ 
dren enjoy the travel game—-there is no one of 
them who does not like to imagine himself traveling. 



It is played by appointing a number of Ticket 
Agents, all representatives of railroads such as The 
Frisco, The Soo Line, etc., over which the children 
may take their imaginary trips to distant cities. 
Each one asks for a ticket as, let us say, to Port 
Arthur, Texas. The fare required is the correct 
spelling of one of a list of spelling words in the 


























70 


SPELLING GAMES 


hands of the Agent. He may ask the would-be 
passenger to spell answer . If the word is spelled 
correctly, the Passenger may 1 ‘board’’ the train, 
e. g. y stand back of the Agent. Each child is given 
a different word to spell. 

Great is the joy of the Agent with the most 
patronage, as testified by the lines standing back 
of him. 


Review Words 


committee 

beginning 

anybody 

daughter 

against 

built 

anything 

enough 

yourself 

country 

anywhere 

Tuesday 

himself 

which 

minute 

Wednesday 

herself 

hundred 

through 

whole 

heard 

early 

attendant 

wrote 

always 

shield 

during 

sheep 




TRAVEL GAMES 


71 


XXXVI 


SPELLING TRIP 


Captain! Choosing teams! Will the process ever 
grow old! Children the world over glow with hope 
that they will he chosen. 

In this game, two Captains are chosen who, in 
turn, select their sides. The Leader of one side 
spells a word. The Leader of the opposing side 
must then spell a word beginning with the last 
letter of the previous word. For example: truly 
may be given first; the next word must begin with 
y, so yours may be given. This game requires close 
attention for the child who does not attend will 
not hear the word given, and so miss his cue. 

Geographical terms may well be used and the 
class go “a-travelin’ ” during the period. 


Geographical Words 


Idaho 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Norway 


Yukon 
Naples 
San Antonio 
Oklahoma 


Austin 

New York City 
Youngstown 
Niagara Falls 




72 


SPELLING GAMES 


XXXVII 

STOP-OVER 

Off on another journey! In this game there are 
three “stop-overs’’ between “home” and the end 
of the journey. A word is pronounced and, if the 
pupil spells the word correctly, he may go to the 
first “stop-over” and another pupil may be given 



a word. If the second spells correctly, he passes 
to the first “stop-over.” If he misses, he stays at 
home and another is given a word. Next, the 
traveler at the first ‘ ‘ stop-over ’’ is given a word so 
he may progress—and so on until all the pupils 
have spelled. 












TRAVEL GAMES 


73 


XXXVIII 

THE CITIES OF NEW YORK 

“The Sidewalks of New York” figured promi¬ 
nently in newspapers some years ago. Why not use 
the cities of New York and the cities of the neigh¬ 
boring states as the basis for a spelling game? 

Let the children play that they are going to New 
York. Each child may represent a city in New 
York, and the class begin the trip to the metropolis. 
As soon as the other words are spelled correctly, 
the travelers may progress to the next station. The 
object is to reach New York City. 

Profusely illustrated travel folders are easily ob¬ 
tained from the railroad offices. Procure time 
tables from the Eastern roads and allow the chil¬ 
dren to map their trips with the aid of a real time 
table. Arrived, we will say, at Buffalo, they cannot 
proceed until Buffalo is correctly spelled. If 
Syracuse is the next stop, the travelers cannot de¬ 
part until Syracuse is written correctly. 

On the Way to New York 

Jamestown Syracuse Eureka Rochester 

Buffalo Albany Utica Elmira _ 

Auburn Ithaca Corning New York City 













* ■ 


* 






PICTURE SPELLING 



76 















PICTURE SPELLING 


77 


XXXIX 

PICTURE GAME 

In the handwork period, have pictures of birds, 
animals, trees, fruit, etc., made or cut from maga,- 
zines. These may be mounted on cards of uniform 
size. On the back of the card should be written the 
name of the object. 

The class is divided into two groups for a race. 
The card bearing the picture of the giraffe, for in¬ 
stance, is held up for inspection. Two children, one 
from each group, go to the board and write the 
word. The one who finishes first and has the word 
spelled correctly, scores one point for his side. The 
winner is then permitted to choose the next card 
and present it to the teams. Two more children 
then run. 

The group scoring the most high points wins. 


Picture Words 


giraffe 

magnolia 

oak 

fir 

elm 

pitcher 

sumach 

tomato 

maple 

camel 

pine 

tree 

cherry 

turkey 

ash 

potato 




78 


SPELLING GAMES 


XL 


GROCERY STORE 


Coming back from the neighborhood grocery, 
often one hears the remark, u There were so many 
good things to eat in there. I wouldn’t know where 
to start first to, choose.” 

What were some of the good things? “Bring to 
class tomorrow a list of twenty words, names of 
articles sold in the store. From that list our spell¬ 
ing lesson will be made,” may well be the suggestion 
of the teacher. 

When the list comes in next day, dictate five words 
from several lists; let the papers be exchanged and 
graded. Use the words misspelled for the “ grocery 
list” spelling lesson. 

The clothing store is another source of excellent 
material. 


Store Words 


meat 

potatoes 

apples 


carrots 


onions 

butter 


beets 

beans 

oleomargarine 




PICTURE SPELLING 79 


XLI 

ALPHABET OR STEP IN PLACE 

Each child is given a card upon which is written 
or printed one letter. The teacher will pronounce 
the word to be spelled and the children having this 
letter are to take their consecutive places instantly. 



The pride of holding the letter needed is almost as 
much delight as the fun of being able to respond 
with alacrity. 

However, if a mistake is made, the first child to 
observe the error is privileged to replace the one 
making the mistake. 

Review Words 

bouquet blossoms alyssum marigold 

flowers florist carnations nasturtiums 

roses violets zinnias smilax 












80 


SPELLING GAMES 


XLII 

GOOD FOOD GAME 

Advertisements that are “good enough to eat” 
—why not use them for the spelling lesson? Why 
not use the printed word for the basis of the spell¬ 
ing list? Either clip the words from the magazine 
or the paper, or print the words on a small card 
and paste the illustration on the other side of the 
card. Then, as the picture is shown, the word may 
be spelled. 

The child doesn’t exist who will not look forward 
eagerly to the “picture spelling lesson.” 


Review Words 


sugar 

cranberries 

olive 

cantaloupe 

cake 

oven 

cheese 

grapes 

meat 

stove 

crackers 

celery 

roast 

bake 

dates 

bread 

bananas 

gas 

turkey 

potatoes 




CROSS-WORD PUZZLES 







V 






\ 













CROSS-WORD PUZZLES 


83 


XLIII 
THE ZOO 


|e|l 

E 

P 

H 

A 

n| t | 


‘L 

I 

O 

N 


I’m 

O 

N 

K 

E 

y| 


B 

E 

A 

R 


I 5 r 

A 

B 

B 

I 

t| 


Vl 

U 

L 

E 


\g\T 

R 

A 

F 

F 

E l 1 


V 

O 

L 

F 


PkIa 

N 

G 

A 

R 

o|o| 


Horizontal 

1. tnhpalee 

2. olin 

3. enkymo 

4. aebr 

9. Nakoroga 


5. arbibt 

6. lmeu 

7. feagirf 

8. lwof 


Children are to rearrange letters of each word 
after number to spell names of animals. 




















84 


SPELLING GAMES 


XLIV 

SPORT AND SCHOOL 



Across: 

1. What boys and girls play on the campus 

5. Synonym for frequently 

6. A word indicating where 

7. Is used to clean floors 
9. Attractive. 

Down: 

1. Beggar; vagrant 

2. Negative word 

3. A conjunction 

4. What the teacher reads to the children 
6. A large member of the monkey family 

8. A conjunction 














CROSS-WORD PUZZLES 


85 


XLV 

A TWISTER 


u 

2 

N 

3 

c 

A- 

L 

5 

E 

6 

P 

i 

E 

8 

A 

■ 

A 

9 

P 

10 

A 

u 

P 

12 

E 

13 

R 

M- 

E 

15 

R 

1 4 

E 

■ 


R 


17 

R 

18 

A 

G 


Across: 

1. Male relative 
6. Vegetable 

9. That upon which one writes 
14. Before 
17. Tattered cloth 


Down: 

1. Higher 

2. Close 

3. Skip or prance 

4. Meadow 

5. Part of body 













86 


SPELLING GAMES 


XL VI 

RIDDLES 


1 

c 

A 

a 

P 

I 

s 

T 

o 

4- 

L 

o 

Hi 

u 

■ 

u 

■ 

O 

5 

D 

I 

S 

o 

B 

E 

Y 

F 

■ 

■ 

A 

■ 

■ 

A 

7 

I 

N 

8 

s 

$ 

T 

A 

L 

L. 

s 

i 

o 

■ 

I 

i 

T 

10 

H 

O 

L 

I 

D 

A 

Y 


Across: 

1. Building in Washington, D. C. 

5. To refuse to obey 

7. To establish 

10. Day spent in observing an anniversary 

Down: 

1. Kind of fish 

2. Poisonous matter forming in a sore 

3. Large receptacle used in bathing 

4. Faithfulness 

6. A grain 

8. The fifth tune of the vocal scale 

















CROSS-WORD PUZZLES 


87 


XL VII 

“UPS” AND “DOWNS” 


I 

2 

c 

3 

E 

A- 

B 

5 

E 

6 

R 

7 

G 

D 


G 

i 

R 

jj 

R 

I 

9 

V 

lo 

■ 

ll 

A 

1SL 

D 

15 

A 

o 


P 

HI 

s 

■ 

wm, 

S 

1+ 

T 

15 

A 

16 

T 

17 

T 

18 

E 

19 

R 

20 

s 


Across: 

1. Floating ice 
8. A vine 
11. A girl’s name 
14. Rags 

Down: 

1. A mentally unbalanced person 
3. Country in Africa 
5. To blot out 

7. Plant that grows on lawns 















88 


SPELLING GAMES 


XLVIII 

NATURE 


1 

T 

U 

L 

I 

5 

P 

H 

■ 

■■■■ ■ ■ 

H 

A 

2 

E 

L 

6 

D 

E 

R 

A 

I 

O 

H 

A 

3 t 

R 

E 

E 

S 

E 

■ 

■ 


o 

R 

A 

V 

E 

L 


Across: 

1. An early spring flower 

2. A tree 

3. Large plants 

5. To untwist or unravel 

Down: 

1. A place of entertainment 

6. A sunshade 

7. Young deer 















THE ONE HUNDRED SPELLING DEMONS 


The one hundred words most frequently misspelled. It is 
interesting to note that over half of these “demons” are second 
grade words, while all of them appear before sixth grade. 


ache 

done 

again 

don’t 

always 

early 

among 

easy 

answer 

enough 

any 

every 

been 

February 

beginning 

forty 

believe 

friend 

bine 

grammar 

break 

guess 

built 

half 

business 

having 

busy 

hear 

buy 

heard 

can’t 

here 

choose 

hoarse 

color 

hour 

coming 

instead 

cough 

just 

could 

knew 

country 

know 

dear 

laid 

doctor 

loose 

does 

lose 

i Given here as the homonym 

* Present tense of TORE 


making 

they 

many 

though 

meant 

through 

minute 

tired 

much 

to-night 

none 

too 

often 

trouble 

once 

truly 

piece 

Tuesday 

raise 

two 

read 1 

used 

ready 

very 

said 

wear 

says 

Wednesday 

seems 

week 

separate 

where 

shoes 

whether 

since 

which 

some 

whole 

straight 

women 

sugar 

won’t 

sure 

would 

tear 3 

write 

their 

writing 

there 

wrote 


of RED 


89 


























































































































































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